How Menopause Affects Bone, Heart and Pelvic Health

Hot flashes, night sweats and changes in menstrual cycles are some of the most recognized symptoms of menopause. However, menopause can also affect long-term bone, cardiovascular, vaginal and pelvic health.

Hormonal changes are only part of the picture. Aging, family history, activity level, smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol and other health factors also influence long-term wellness. A comprehensive menopause plan should address current symptoms while also considering preventive health.

How Menopause Can Affect Bone Health

Bones constantly break down and rebuild. Estrogen helps regulate this process. As estrogen levels decline around menopause, bone loss can occur more quickly.

Excessive bone loss can lead to osteoporosis and increase the risk of fractures, particularly in the hip, spine and wrist. Osteoporosis is sometimes called a silent condition because it may not cause obvious symptoms until a fracture occurs.

Your clinician may review factors such as family history, early menopause, previous fractures, body weight, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, medications and other health conditions. Bone-density testing may be recommended based on age and individual risk.

Weight-bearing activity, strength training, adequate nutrition and avoiding tobacco can help support bone health. Learn more about bone health and osteoporosis prevention during menopause.

Why Heart Health Matters During Menopause

Cardiovascular risk increases with age, and the menopause transition is an important time to evaluate heart health. Changes in estrogen may affect blood vessels and cholesterol. At the same time, high blood pressure, diabetes, weight changes, inactivity and elevated cholesterol become more common during midlife.

Heart-health conversations may include blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar, nutrition, physical activity, sleep quality, smoking, family history and stress.

• Know your blood pressure and cholesterol levels
• Discuss diabetes screening with your healthcare provider
• Choose regular activity that fits your health and abilities
• Talk about sleep changes, weight changes and family history
• Avoid smoking and ask for support if you need help quitting

Menopausal hormone therapy may be appropriate for some women with bothersome symptoms, but it is not right for everyone. Benefits and risks depend on age, symptoms, medical history and the type of therapy being considered. Treatment decisions should be made individually with a qualified healthcare professional.

Menopause and Pelvic Floor Health

The pelvic floor is a group of muscles and connective tissues that supports the bladder, uterus, vagina and rectum. Menopause and aging can contribute to changes in these tissues. Pregnancy, vaginal delivery, chronic coughing, constipation, repeated heavy lifting and previous pelvic surgery may also affect pelvic support.

Possible symptoms include urinary leakage, urgency, vaginal pressure, a bulging sensation, difficulty emptying the bladder or bowel, discomfort and pain during sexual activity.

These symptoms are common, but you do not have to accept them as an unavoidable part of aging. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, pelvic floor physical therapy, a pessary, medication or a procedure, depending on the diagnosis and severity.

WHMC provides evaluation for urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and other pelvic floor concerns. Explore WHMC gynecology services for more information.

Vaginal and Urinary Changes During Menopause

Lower estrogen levels may also contribute to vaginal dryness, burning, irritation, painful intercourse and urinary symptoms. Treatment options may include vaginal moisturizers, lubricants, pelvic floor therapy, local vaginal estrogen or other prescription therapies.

The most appropriate option depends on your symptoms, health history and preferences. Tell your provider about discomfort, leakage or sexual health concerns rather than waiting for symptoms to become more disruptive.

Build a Complete Menopause Care Plan

Effective menopause care should address symptoms, preventive examinations, bone health, cardiovascular risk, pelvic floor function, breast and cervical screening, lifestyle and follow-up as your needs change.

Women’s Health and Menopause Center provides personalized care during menopause and beyond. To discuss your symptoms and preventive health priorities, contact WHMC or call (248) 932-9223.